备份现有apt源配置

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old

Debian 11

全部复制后,直接粘贴并按下回车执行

官方源

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
EOF

或者去掉源码包,提高apt update的速度

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
EOF

阿里云镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
EOF

腾讯云镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
EOF

网易镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
EOF

清华大学镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
EOF

Debian 12

全部复制后,直接粘贴并按下回车执行

官方源

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
EOF

或者去掉源码包,提高apt update的速度

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
EOF

阿里云镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free-firmware contrib
EOF

腾讯云镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free-firmware contrib
EOF

网易镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free-firmware contrib
EOF

清华大学镜像站

cat << EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free-firmware
EOF

本文将指导使用 xcaddy 自定义编译 Caddy。

PS:本文同时适用于 Debian 10 Buster 以及 Ubuntu 20.04 Focal

xcaddy 是 Caddy 官方制作的用于自定义编译 Caddy 的工具,它可以帮助我们快速的编译出符合自己需求的 Caddy。

安装 xcaddy

我们按照官方的安装方法,首先,安装一些必要的软件包:

apt update
apt upgrade -y
apt install curl vim wget gnupg dpkg apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates

然后按照官方教程安装 Go:

wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.19.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
rm -rf /usr/local/go && tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.19.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz

然后把 go 加入系统环境变量:

echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin" >> /etc/profile

然后加入 Caddy 的 GPG 公钥和 apt 源:

curl -sSL https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/xcaddy/gpg.key | gpg --dearmor > /usr/share/keyrings/xcaddy.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/xcaddy.gpg] https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/xcaddy/deb/debian any-version main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/xcaddy.list

然后更新系统后即可安装 xcaddy:

apt update
apt install xcaddy

重启打开 SSH 后检查一下 go 和 xcaddy 的版本:

root@debian ~ # go version
go version go1.19.5 linux/amd64

root@debian ~ # xcaddy version
v0.3.1 h1:XKmnGnGTeB53hLUgnGr/R4JbTNSxh8IBAFcJkrtycso=

自定义编译 Caddy

我们可以选择一些自己喜欢的模块,比如缓存模块和 Brotli 压缩模块:

xcaddy build \
    --with github.com/caddyserver/cache-handler \
	--with github.com/ueffel/caddy-brotli

经过一段时间的编译以后,我们就可以在当前目录下看到一个名为 caddy 的二进制文件,这就是我们自定义编译的 Caddy 了。

自定义 Caddy 和系统 Caddy 共存

如果我们想要自定义 Caddy 和系统 Caddy 共存,可以使用官方的教程

首先,按照我们的教程安装 Caddy,安装完毕后,先停止 Caddy 服务:

systemctl stop caddy

然后使用 dpkg-divert 命令将系统 Caddy 的二进制文件移动到 /usr/bin/caddy.default 并做软链接:

dpkg-divert --divert /usr/bin/caddy.default --rename /usr/bin/caddy

然后把我们自己编译好的 Caddy 二进制文件移动到 /usr/bin/caddy.custom

mv ./caddy /usr/bin/caddy.custom

然后设置优先级,让我们的自定义 Caddy 优先启动:

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/caddy caddy /usr/bin/caddy.default 10
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/caddy caddy /usr/bin/caddy.custom 50

此时我们可以看到默认的 /usr/bin/caddy 已经是我们自定义的 Caddy 了:

root@debian ~ # ls -l /usr/bin/caddy
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 23 Jan 22 10:52 /usr/bin/caddy -> /etc/alternatives/caddy*

root@debian ~ # ls -l /etc/alternatives/caddy
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Jan 22 10:52 /etc/alternatives/caddy -> /usr/bin/caddy.custom

我们也可以使用 update-alternatives --config caddy 命令来切换系统安装的 Caddy 和自定义的 Caddy:

root@be ~ # update-alternatives --config caddy
There are 2 choices for the alternative caddy (providing /usr/bin/caddy).

  Selection    Path                    Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/caddy.custom    50        auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/caddy.custom    50        manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/caddy.default   10        manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

我们可以看到默认的 Caddy 二进制文件是我们自定义的,你可以输入 0(按照优先级自动) 1(手工切换自定义 Caddy) 或 2(使用系统默认 Caddy)来修改并切换默认的 Caddy 版本。

1、备份现有源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak

2、一般情况下,将 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件中 Debian 默认的源地址 http://deb.debian.org/ 替换为国内源即可。

#中国科技大学
sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
#网易云163
sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.163.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
#阿里云
sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
#清华同方
sudo sed -i 's/deb.debian.org/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

3、sudo apt-get update 更新索引以生效。

inux一键dd脚本支持Debian 9/10/11、Ubuntu 16.04/18.04/20.04、CentOS 7/8、RockyLinux 8和AlmaLinux 8系统的网络重装,自动适配境内境外系统源(境内使用阿里云,境外使用官方),适用于 GigsGigsCloud、AkkoCloud、GreenCloud和腾讯云等vps和云服务器。

使用命令:

wget -N --no-check-certificate https://down.vpsaff.net/linux/dd/network-reinstall-os.sh && \
chmod +x network-reinstall-os.sh && ./network-reinstall-os.sh

原文:https://www.idcoffer.com/archives/4870

现在很多云服务或vps都逐渐支持IPv6了,但是由于IPv6路由等原因,体验可能非常不好,需要禁用。

单网卡快速禁用IPv6脚本:

nic=$(ip route get 8.8.8.8 | grep dev | awk -F'dev' '{ print $2 }' | awk '{ print $1 }')
echo "net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf \
&& echo "net.ipv6.conf.$nic.disable_ipv6 = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf \
&& sysctl -p